What changes are likely in Social Security as available funding runs out?
As Social Security’s available funding runs out—most notably, with the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund projected to be depleted in 2033 and the combined retirement and disability (OASDI) funds likely exhausted by 2035—several significant changes are expected if current laws remain unchanged:
- Benefit Reductions: When trust fund reserves are depleted, Social Security will only be able to pay benefits from current payroll tax revenues. According to the 2024 trustees’ report, this would mean that only about 79% of scheduled benefits could be paid for OASI recipients starting in 2033, or about 83% for the combined OASDI program if reserves are exhausted in 2035. This translates to a roughly 17–21% cut in monthly benefits for recipients.
- Pressure for Legislative Action: Lawmakers will face increasing pressure to reform Social Security before the trust funds are exhausted. Options might include raising payroll taxes, increasing the retirement age, adjusting benefit formulas, or some combination of these measures.
- Potential for General Fund Transfers: Although current law prohibits the use of general government funds to cover Social Security shortfalls, there could be political pressure to allow such transfers or borrowing, but this would require legislative changes.
- Impact on Beneficiaries: Millions of Americans, especially those who rely heavily on Social Security for retirement income, would face direct financial hardship if benefits are reduced. The program currently supports about 67 million beneficiaries, mostly retirees.
Unless
Congress acts to address the funding shortfall, the most likely immediate
change will be a reduction in benefit payments once the trust funds are
depleted. The size of the cut depends on which fund is considered, but it could
be as high as a 21% reduction in monthly checks for retirees and survivors.
N. Russell Wayne
Weston, CT 06883
203-895-8877
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