The Risk of High Dividend Yields
Over the last decade and a half, it’s been a challenge
finding generous current returns on investments. That’s especially true for the fixed-income
market (primarily bonds), which most of the time has been a relatively safe
haven for those seeking assured returns.
The reality is that recent years have not been a mirror for “most of the
time.”
The problem is interest rates. As interest rates rise, the values of fixed-income
investments fall. Why? Because interest rates tend to move in
relation to rates set by the Federal Reserve Board. The Fed’s efforts are aimed at stimulating or
cooling the economy.
For an extended period, interest rates have been
bobbing along the lowest end of the yield spectrum. At the start, the central bank opted for well
above average stimulation to counter the impact of the 2008-9 financial
crisis. For bond investors, that continued
the pattern that provided significant capital appreciation as well as interest on
their holdings.
But as inflation ballooned over the latest three
years, the Fed did a marked about-face, boosting interest rates at an unprecedented
pace to bring things under control. That
was bad news for bonds, which lost considerable principal value.
That may change as the economy and inflation weaken. In the interim, those seeking substantial yields
have turned their attention to high dividend yielding stocks, often via exchange-traded
funds. On the surface, that seems to be
a comfortable approach. But there are
risks.
Consistent and reasonably assured high dividend yields
are often available from mature, industry-leading companies that are largely
insulated from major economic shifts.
But there are others where the surrounding moat is shallow.
One group consists of companies in cyclical
industries, which follow boom-and-bust cycles.
Another group would be companies that have not kept up with changing
technology, placing them in the awkward position of having increasing difficulty
maintaining dividend payouts to shareholders.
These companies are identified by viewing what’s known
as the dividend payout ratio. That’s dividends
paid as a percentage of the company’s net income. It’s a check on whether there’s enough money
to make regular quarterly payments.
In rare cases, there may be lean periods when more is going
out than coming in, but typically it’s a process that just gets worse. When this happens, dividend rates get cut and
then they are eliminated.
It doesn’t stop there.
When dividends are gone, asset managers holding dividend stocks have to
sell their holdings, which may lead to a further loss in value.
N. Russell Wayne, CFPÒ
Any questions? Please contact me at nrwayne@soundasset.com
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